Outer space is one of the most extreme environments known to science. The challenges presented by its cryogenic temperatures, vacuum conditions, and radiation require materials that can perform with uncompromising reliability. Thermoset composites, such as G10CR and G11, have proven to be indispensable in this domain, finding use as insulators, barriers, and structural supports in a variety of aerospace and space exploration applications.

Why Thermoset Composites?
Thermoset composites are engineered materials made by combining thermosetting resins with reinforcing fibers such as glass, cotton, or paper. The result is a composite that delivers exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal performance under extreme conditions. Here’s why they are particularly suited for outer space:

Exceptional Thermal Stability
Cryogenic temperatures in outer space can plunge below -250°C (-418°F). Materials like G10CR (glass-epoxy) and G11 (glass-epoxy with enhanced high-temperature performance) maintain their structural and insulating properties in these conditions, making them ideal for use in spacecraft and satellites.

Low Outgassing
In a vacuum, materials may release trapped gases, a phenomenon known as outgassing. This can contaminate sensitive instruments and compromise performance. Thermoset composites are engineered for low outgassing, adhering to stringent aerospace standards such as NASA’s ASTM E595. Please be sure to reach out to one of our material experts when considering outgassing to ensure that you are looking for non-halogenated materials in applications where living things may come into contact with outgassed materials.

Low Moisture Absorption
Materials that absorb moisture may experience dimensional instability or degraded performance in space. G10 and G11 are known for their low moisture absorption, ensuring they remain stable even in humid pre-launch conditions and during their operational lifetime in orbit.

High Dielectric Strength
As electrical insulators, thermoset composites excel in space applications where reliability is critical. They are used in components such as circuit board substrates and high-voltage insulators in satellite systems.

Common Applications in Outer Space:

Insulators in Cryogenic Systems
Thermoset composites are commonly used to insulate cryogenic systems such as those found in:

• Spacecraft fuel lines: Protecting liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen storage tanks.
• Cryogenic testing equipment: Supporting the development of space technologies that rely on super-cooled systems.

Structural Supports
Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, G10CR and G11 composites serve as structural supports in:

• Satellite frames: Providing a lightweight yet durable framework to protect sensitive instruments.
• Antenna components: Offering stability in harsh conditions without adding unnecessary mass.

Barriers and Shields
As barriers, thermoset composites prevent thermal or electrical interference in:

• Radiation shielding systems: Protecting electronic components from space radiation.
• Thermal isolation systems: Reducing heat transfer between spacecraft components.

The use of thermoset composites in space is set to grow as aerospace technologies advance. With applications expanding into fields like reusable spacecraft, deep-space exploration, and lunar habitats, materials like G10CR and G11 will continue to play a pivotal role in enabling humanity’s exploration of the cosmos. Their combination of strength, thermal performance, and stability ensures they remain a trusted choice for engineers and scientists tackling the most demanding environments.

At Franklin Fibre, we are proud to supply thermoset composites like G10 and G11 that meet the rigorous demands of space exploration. Whether as insulators, barriers, or structural supports, these materials provide the reliability and performance needed to push the boundaries of what’s possible in the cryogenic vacuum of outer space.